Digital chains, mental strains: A case study of content moderators and data labellers in Nairobi.
Angela Chukunzira  1@  
1 : Siasa Place, Project ETHER

While Kenya is termed as a ‘Silicon Savannah', what is often overlooked is the mental health challenges that workers, often invisible, who build these technological systems undergo. This paper examines the mental health impacts of digital work through case studies of digital labourers in Nairobi. While digital work is often promoted as flexible and empowering, evidence from Nairobi reveals a more complex reality marked by psychological strain, precarity, and limited support. Drawing on interviews with content moderators and Artificial Intelligence data labellers, the study highlights recurring stressors: exposure to graphic content without adequate counselling, algorithmic control that erodes autonomy, irregular income flows, and social isolation. These workers operate in a digital environment shaped by global demand but receive little of the stability or support extended to formal employees. The findings suggest that the emotional toll of digital work—manifesting in anxiety, burnout, and trauma is not incidental but structurally embedded in how digital labour is organised and outsourced. In Nairobi, where digital labour opportunities are expanding rapidly, mental health remains an unaddressed concern, particularly for informal and subcontracted workers. This study calls for a re-evaluation of digital work policies, including mental health protections, transparent labour practices, and fairer global digital labour standards. Without such changes, digital work risks deepening the psychological vulnerabilities of already marginalized labour forces.


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